Fsi experimental experimentally obtained free swell index. Testing specimens were determined and examined in chemical composition, grain size distribution, consistency limits. Swelling properties of expansive soils treated with chemicals. The free swell ratio fsra quantitative measure of clay mineralogy and hence the soils expansive potential 50was obtained as fsr 2. In situ density and relative density require undisturbed sample extraction while other quantities can be. The soil was a highly swelling soil withfree swell index fsi of 180%. Traditional freeswell testing to achieve the same level of characterization required approximately 30 days for the highly plastic clay evaluated in the study.
Determine dry bulk density of soil first, independently extract soil core with known bulk volume and ovendry. The sample was left until it reached its maximum swelling level. Pdf free swell ratio and clay mineralogy of finegrained. W submerged weight of soil in the heave zone per unit width of sheet pile u uplift force due to seepage on the same volume of soil 2 w d.
Standard test methods for onedimensional swell or collapse. Swelling properties of expansive soils treated with. Soil porosity and permeability porosity is the total amount of pore space in the soil 30 to 60% affects the storage of air and water affects the rate of movement of air and water permeability is the ease in which water, air, and plant roots move through the soil ease of air, water and root movement affects rate of water intake and drainage. If you do not see its contents the file may be temporarily unavailable at the journal website or you do not have a pdf plugin installed and enabled in your browser. These salts, which move freely in the soil solution, are made up of positive and negative ions cations and anions. Untreated soil sample is having a dfs value of nearly 140 which shows that the potential of soil for free swell is very high and the soil can be treated as highly expansive. To determine the free swell index of soil as per is. Free swell index is the increase in volume of a soil, without any external constraints, on submergence in water. Fsi, being determined on the soil fraction vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. Prediction of swelling characteristics of remoulded and. Studies on the determination of swelling properties of. The shrinkswell index of clay refers to the extent certain clay minerals will expand when wet and retract when dry.
The objective of this study was to identify the impact of wettingdrying cycles on the swell potential of limetreated gypseous soil. V d the volume of soil specimen read from the graduated cylinder containing distilled water. Legally binding document step out from the old to the new. The swelling of the soil sample was studied by conducting the free swell test. The soil conditioning index in conservation planning the soil conditioning index sci is a prediction tool used by the nrcs in conservation planning to estimate whether applied conservation practices will result in maintained or increased levels of soil organic matter nrcs 2001. V k the volume of soil specimen read from the graduated cylinder containing kerosene.
Soil with a high shrinkswell capacity is problematic and is known as shrinkswell soil, or expansive soil. Sodic soil management department of primary industries. Fundamentals in soil science course a course offered by the soil science society of america. Fundamentals of soil genesis, classification, and morphology, fundamentals in soil chemistry and mineralogy, fundamentals in soil. I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained. At any time, many cations are bound loosely to the surfaces of clay particles and are not free to move in the soil solution. Engineering properties of bentonite stabilized with lime and. Free swell index, yes we will learn this important soil test in this video, for more detail visit our website follow us o. Soils, soil characteristics and factors affecting management. The maximum dry unit weight was 14 knm3 and the optimum moisture content was 27%. Soils form a thin skin over the surface of the earth. Modified free swell index for clays astm international. Thus, ranganatham and satyanarayan 1965 propose an equation of the form.
The most common mineral that causes swelling soil is smectite montmorillonite. What is the procedure for free swell index test of soil. Preparing a consolidated report of index properties and strength properties of soil reference books. This method allowed for the characterization of the swelling properties of the soil within 24 hours of the start of testing. May 14, 20 the free swell index of the soil is to be calculated as follows. Free swell or differential free swell, also termed as free swell index, is the increase in volume of soil without any external constraint when subjected to submergence in water. Determine free swell index of soil civil engineering. Pdf on feb 19, 2019, rakesh kumar dutta and others published prediction of free swell index for the expansive soil using artificial neural. The free swell ratio fsra quantitative measure of clay mineralogy and hence the soil s expansive potential 50was obtained as fsr 2. In this paper, a nondimensional modified free swell index is proposed, which removes the uncertainties present in the holtz and gibbs method. Engineering properties such as compaction, unconfined compressive strength, consistency limits, percentage swell, free swell index, the california bearing ratio and the consolidation of bentonite stabilized with lime and phosphogypsum are presented in this paper.
The cole index was found to be closely related to a number of soil variables parker et al. Effects of textile effluent on the differential free swell. An experimental program was undertaken to study the individual and admixed effects of lime and fly ash on the geotechnical characteristics of expansive soil. Free swell free swell index fsi that represents the ratio of swelled volume of the soil in water per unit weight of the soil, is the simplest parameter to indicate swelling ability of soils. The content of the lime and phosphogypsum varied from 0 to 10 %.
An attempt has also been made to assess the coupled effects of gypsum content and curing temperature on the swelling behavior of treated soil samples at both short and longterm curing periods of up to 360 days. Index properties are the properties of soil that help in identification and classification of soil. The free swell index shows a nearly linear variation with the residual soil. Stabilization of expansive soil by lime and fly ash. In this video we will learn how to determine the free swell index of soil. Hence an attempt is madein this investigation to study the effect of textile effluent on the differential free swell index value of an expansive soil. Swelling index may refer to the following material parameters that quantify volume change. Lime and fly ash were added to the expansive soil at 4%6% and 40%50% by dry weight of soil, respectively. Although generally about 1 metre thick, in areas such as the tropics it may be several metres thick, and in the cold arctic areas only a few centimetres thick. Civ e 353 geotechnical engineering i consolidation 2006 page 5 of 10 department of civil engineering 6. Pdf the dominant clay minerals present in finegrained soils control the physical and engineering behavior of the soils. Cbr value for mix proportions of soil and gypsum percentages of gypsum cbr at 2.
Thompson, 2006 the publisher is thomsondelmar learning. Pdf free swell ratio and clay mineralogy of finegrained soils. Fundamentals in soil science course home soil soil. A userfriendly approach based on free swell ratio, defined as the ratio of the equilibrium. The behaviour of sodium chloride on swelling parameters of expansive soil are shown in fig.
These salts are free to move in the soil water and can be readily taken up by plants. Free swell index test of soil, fsi test of soil asper is. Characterization of the swelling properties of highly plastic clays. Experimental datasets on engineering properties of. The reduction in liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, shrinkage limit, specific gravity free swell index and optimum water content are illustrated in fig. For example, if the dry soil was 1 inch high and the wet soil is 1.
Experimental datasets on engineering properties of expansive. Determination of free swell index of soils number of amendments. The granular material used for the installation of granular pil 2. According to their cole, a range of soil swellshrink potential can be distinguished. Quizzes a ten question quiz will be offered after each lesson which must be passed 7 out of 10 or 70%. Some relationships between shrinkswell index, liquid. Chapter 6 engineering properties of soil and rock nysdot geotechnical page 68 june 17, 20 design manual 6. The modified free swell index is shown to bear unique correlations with liquid limit volume basis and percent swell of oedometer specimens compacted to proctor optimum conditions. Mar 05, 2018 determination of free swell index of soils 1. Free swell index fsi indicates the potential expansiveness of a soil. Expansive soil contains montmorillonite clay mineral.
In this test, a 10 g of ovendried soil sample passing through a number 40 sieve 425 m was put into a graduated freeswell jar with capacity of 100 ml, and filled with water. Pdf prediction of free swell index for the expansive soil using. The test results indicate that, the free swell index linear variation with the non swelling residual soil. The amount of certain clay minerals that are present, such as montmorillonite and smectite, directly affects the shrinkswell capacity of soil. These properties are generally determined in the laboratory.
The measure of swell used by the corps of engineers is termed the free swell index. Characterization of the swelling properties of highly plastic. Characterization of the swelling properties of highly. Determine free swell index of soil civil engineering portal. Alternatively, you can download the file locally and open with any standalone pdf reader. Calculating the percentage change in height from the wet soil to the dry will give you a measure of the swell factor of the soil. Department of civil engineering geotechnical engineering lab. Engineering properties of bentonite stabilized with lime. Soil and foundation engineering ced 43 designator of legally binding document. Definition free swell index is the increase in volume of a soil, without any external constraints, on submergence in water. The paper presents the results of swell index, swelling pressure and soil suction tests carried out on neogene clays from warsaw, depending on the water content, clay fraction, liquid limit, plasticity index, cation exchange capacity, and content of clay minerals and beidellite. Some relationships between shrinkswell index, liquid limit, plasticity index, activity and free swell index jayasekera, s and mohajerani, a 2003, some relationships between shrinkswell index, liquid limit, plasticity index, activity and free swell index, australian geomechanics. Experience has shown that the plasticity index pi is an excellent indicator of.
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